Otis Clay and the Barkays

Otis Clay at the 2011 Memphis In May Music Fest in Memphis, TN
The BarKays at 2011 Lincoln Center Out of Doors Festival in NYC
Preston Lauterbach / The Chitlin Circuit and the Road to Rock & Roll

This week we catch up with one of soul music’s greatest artists, Otis Clay, live in Memphis, TN, at the 2011 Beale Street Music Festival. Then, we go to NYC and the Lincoln Center Out of Doors Roots Music Fest and here an amazing set from the Barkays.

Guest Host, Preston Lauterbach, continues his series, The Chitlin Circuit and the Road to Rock & Roll.

Otis Clay is one of the premier deep soul and gospel singers working today. His raw, fiery vocals drive an energetic and danceable blend of soul, r&b and blues in the tradition of such deep soul singers as Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett and Solomon Burke.

A master showman, Otis Clay stays in demand for festival and concert appearances in the U.S., Europe and Japan. Noteworthy recent appearances include headlining The 2006 Japan Blues and Soul Festival Tour, headlining the opening night and being Honorary President of The 2006 Blues Passions Festival in Cognac, France a special guest appearance at The Chicago Emmy Awards in Nov., 2006 and the 2007 Chicago Gospel Music Festival.

Born in Waxhaw, Mississippi, Clay began his career in gospel singing with groups such as The Pilgrim Harmonizers, The Gospel Songbirds and the legendary Sensational Nightingales. His recording of “When The Gates Swing Open” was a hit in the mid-80’s and is included on The Gospel Truth cd released on Blind Pig Records. Both “When The Gates Swing Open” and The Gospel Truth remain staples on gospel radio today. As a singer and producer, Otis Clay remains very active in gospel. Walk A Mile In My Shoes, a new cd featuring Otis’ version of this classic song has been released on his own Echo Records label.

Clay launched and established his career as a deep soul singer with his first recordings made in the mid-60s for George Leaner’s One-derful label in Chicago. A series of hit singles including “Trying To Live My Life Without You” produced by Willie Mitchell in Memphis for Hi Records followed in the ’70’s. Otis has also recorded for the Cotillion, Kayvette, Elka and Rounder labels as well as his own Echo Records. The intensity and passion of his live shows are captured on Soul Man: Live in Japan (Rounder) and Respect Yourself (Blind Pig) recorded live at The Lucerne Blues Festival in Switzerland.

Whether bringing audiences around the globe to their feet with his fiery brand of soul and gospel or working tirelessly with community and church leaders to provide better economic and cultural opportunities for West and South Side Chicago residents, Otis Clay has proven himself to be a national treasure.

Initially a funky instrumental soul combo on Stax/Volt, the Bar-Kays were nearly destroyed when most of the band perished in the same plane crash that claimed Otis Redding. Amazingly, the Bar-Kays not only regrouped but prospered, evolving into a popular funk ensemble over the course of the ’70s. They continued to score hits on the R&B charts through much of the ’80s as well, making for a career longevity that no one would have predicted for Stax’s formerly star-crossed number-two house band.

The Bar-Kays were formed in Memphis, TN, in 1966, growing out of a local group dubbed the Imperials. Modeled on classic Memphis soul instrumental outfits like the Mar-Keys and Booker T. & the MG’s, the Bar-Kays originally included guitarist Jimmy King (not the famed bluesman), trumpeter Ben Cauley, organist Ronnie Caldwell, saxophonist Phalon Jones, bassist James Alexander, and drummer Carl Cunningham. Adopting a mutated version of their favorite brand of rum (Bacardi) as their name, the band started playing heavily around Memphis, and eventually caught the attention of Stax/Volt, which signed the sextet in early 1967. With help from house drummer Al Jackson, Jr., the label began grooming the Bar-Kays as a second studio backing group that would spell Booker T. & the MG’s on occasion. That spring, the Bar-Kays cut their first single, “Soul Finger,” a playful, party-hearty instrumental punctuated by a group of neighborhood children shouting the title. “Soul Finger” reached the pop Top 20 and went all the way to number three on the R&B chart, establishing the Bar-Kays in the public eye (although the follow-up, “Give Everybody Some,” barely scraped the R&B Top 40). Producer Allen Jones began to take an interest in the group and became their manager and mentor; even better, Otis Redding chose them as his regular backing band that summer.

Unfortunately, disaster struck on December 10, 1967. En route to a gig in Madison, WI, Redding’s plane crashed into frozen Lake Monona. He, his road manager, and four members of the Bar-Kays were killed. Trumpeter Ben Cauley survived the crash, and bassist James Alexander had not been on the flight; they soon assumed the heavy task of rebuilding the group. Adding insult to injury, the third and final single released by the original lineup, a cover of the Beatles’ “A Hard Day’s Night,” was virtually ignored. Nonetheless, with Allen Jones’ help, Cauley and Alexander assembled a new Bar-Kays lineup featuring guitarist Michael Toles, keyboardist Ronnie Gordon, saxophonist Harvey Henderson, and drummers Roy Cunningham and Willie Hall. At first, their sound was similar to the original lineup, and they were used as the house band on numerous Stax/Volt recording sessions; they also backed Isaac Hayes on his groundbreaking 1969 opus Hot Buttered Soul. Still, they were unable to land a hit of their own, and Cunningham and Gordon both left the group in 1970; the latter was replaced on keyboards by Winston Stewart.

With 1971’s Black Rock album, the Bar-Kays debuted their first-ever lead vocalist, Larry Dodson, and incorporated some of the psychedelic-inspired rock/funk fusions of Sly & the Family Stone and Funkadelic. After playing on Isaac Hayes’ hit Shaft soundtrack, Cauley and Toles both joined his backing band permanently, and were replaced by trumpeter Charles “Scoop” Allen and guitarist Vernon Burch. This new lineup took a more mainstream funk direction, scoring a minor hit with a takeoff on Jimi Hendrix’s “Foxy Lady” dubbed “Copy Cat.” The follow-up, another good-humored goof on a recent hit, was “Son of Shaft,” which in 1972 became the group’s first Top Ten R&B hit since “Soul Finger.” That summer, the Bar-Kays played a well-received set at Wattstax (the black answer to Woodstock), but it wasn’t enough to keep their commercial momentum going, especially as Stax/Volt headed toward eventual bankruptcy in 1975.

Armed with new guitarist Lloyd Smith (who’d joined when Burch left in 1973), new drummer Michael Beard, and trombonist Frank Thompson, the Bar-Kays signed with Mercury in 1976 and began the most commercially productive phase of their career. Writing most of their own material and using more synthesizers, their label debut, Too Hot to Stop, was a hit, powered by the smash R&B single “Shake Your Rump to the Funk.” The group consolidated their success by opening for George Clinton’s P-Funk machine on an extensive tour, and that loose, wild aesthetic was now a more accurate reflection of the Bar-Kays’ brand of funk, although they were more easily able to bridge into disco. Follow-up Flying High on Your Love (1977) was the band’s first gold record, and Money Talks — a Fantasy reissue of some previously unreleased Stax material — produced another Top Ten hit in “Holy Ghost” the following year. Drummer Sherman Guy and keyboardist Mark Bynum subsequently joined the band, and a string of hit albums followed: 1979’s Injoy (which featured the Top Five R&B hit “Move Your Boogie Body”), 1980’s As One, 1981’s Nightcruising (which spawned two hits in “Hit and Run” and “Freaky Behavior”), and 1982’s Propositions (more hits in “Do It (Let Me See You Shake)” and “She Talks to Me With Her Body”). All of those albums, save for As One, went gold.

In 1983, Sherman Guy and Charles Allen left the group, presaging a more commercial direction in keeping with the urban sound of the early ’80s. 1984’s Dangerous produced one of the group’s biggest hits, “Freakshow on the Dancefloor,” and a couple more R&B chart hits in “Dirty Dancer” and “Sex-O-Matic.” Their sound was becoming derivative, however, and although the group kept recording for Mercury through 1989, the changing musical landscape meant that the hits dried up. By 1987, only Larry Dodson, Harvey Henderson, and Winston Stewart remained; that same year, Allen Jones died of a heart attack, and the group scored its last R&B Top Ten hit with “Certified True.” When their contract with Mercury was up, the Bar-Kays called it quits with 1988’s Animal. Dodson and original bassist James Alexander put together a short-lived new version of the Bar-Kays for the 1994 album 48 Hours, released on the small Basix label.


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